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Muthumary, J.
- Endophytic Fungal Diversity from Young, Mature and Senescent Leaves of Ocimum basilicum L. with Special Reference to Taxol Production
Abstract Views :663 |
PDF Views:143
Authors
V. Gangadevi
1,
J. Muthumary
1
Affiliations
1 Centre for Advanced Studies in Botany, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai: 600 025, Tamil Nadu, IN
1 Centre for Advanced Studies in Botany, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai: 600 025, Tamil Nadu, IN
Source
Indian Journal of Science and Technology, Vol 1, No 1 (2007), Pagination: 1-12Abstract
Endophytic fungi inhabiting foliage of medicinally important plants are diverse and abundant, yet little is known of their temporal and spatial variation. Seasonal variation in endophyte infections on young, mature and senescent leaves of a medicinal plant Ocimum basilicum collected from different sites were studied. Interestingly, one of the isolates, Phyllosticta sp.6, was found to produce taxol in artificial culture media. This study provides the first report on diversity of endophytic fungi of medicinal plants from Chennai city, Southern India. The endophytic fungus is expected to be a potential source of natural bioactive agent.Keywords
Ocimum basilicum, Fungal Endophytes, Diversity, Taxol, Anticancer DrugFull Text
References
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- Bills GF and Polishook JD (1992) Recovery of endophytic fungi from Chamaecyparis thyoides. Sydowia 44,1-12.
- Bussaban B, Lumyong S, Lumyong P, Mc Kenzie EHC and Hyde KD (2001) Endophytic fungi from Amomum siamense. Can. J. Microbiol . 47,943-948.
- Cardellina JH (1991) HPLC separation of taxol and cephalomannine. J. Chromatography 14, 659-665.
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- Dobranic JK, Johnson JA and Alikhan QR (1995) Isolation of endophytic fungi from eastern larch (Larix laricina) leaves from New Brunswick, Canada. Can. J. Microbiol . 41,194-198.
- Fisher PJ, Petrini O, Petrini LE and Sutton BC (1994) Fungal endophytes from the leaves and twigs of Quercus ilex L. from England, Majorea and Switzerland. New Phytol . 127,133-137.
- Gangadevi V and Muthumary J (2007) Preliminary studies on cytotoxic effect of fungal taxol on cancer cell lines. Afr. J. Biotechnol . 6, 1382-1386.
- Hata K and Futai K (1995) Endophytic fungi associated with healthy pine needles and needles infested by the pine needle gall midge Thecodiplosis japonensis. Can. J Bot. 73, 384-390.
- Johnson JA and Whitney NJ (1989) An investigation of needle endophyte colonization patterns with respect to height and compass direction in a single crown of balsam fir (Abies balsamea). Can. J. Bot. 67,723-725.
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- McClure TD and Schram KH (1992) The Mass Spectrometry of Taxol. J American Soc. Mass Spectrometry 3, 672-679
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- Petrini O (1991) Fungal endophytes of tree leaves. In JA Andrews SS Hirano, eds. Microbial Ecology of Leaves. Springer-Verlag: New York, USA. 179-197.
- Pinkerton R and Strobel G (1976) Serinol as an activator of toxin production in attenuated cultures of H. sacchari . Proc. Natnl. Acad. Sci. USA 73, 4007-4011.
- Sahashi NY, Miyasawa T, Kubano S, and Ito T (2000) Colonization of beech leaves by two endophytic fungi in northern Japan. Forest Pathol. 30, 77-86.
- Sieber TN (1989) Endophytic fungi in twigs of healthy and diseased Norway spruce and white fir. Mycol. Res. 92, 322-326.
- Stierle A, Stierle D, Strobel G, Bignami G and Gothaus P (1994) Bioactive metabolites of the endophytic fungi of Pacific yew, Taxus brevifolia. In: Georg GI, Chen TT, Ojima I, Vyas, DM (eds) Taxane anticancer agents (Basic Sci Current Status, American Chemical Society Symposium Series no.583) Washington DC, Am. Chem. Soc. pp. 81-97. 22. Stierle A, Strobel GA and Stierle D (1993) Taxol and taxane production by Taxomyces andreanae, an endophytic fungus of Pacific Yew. Science 260, 214-216.
- Strobel GA (2003) Endophytes as sources of bioactive products. Microbes Infect. 5, 535- 544.
- Strobel GA, Hess WM, Ford E, Sidhu RS and Yang X (1996a) Taxol from fungal endophytes and the issue of biodiversity. J. Indus. Microbiol . 17: 417-423.
- Strobel GA, Yang X, Sears J, Kramer R, Sidhu RS and Hess WM (1996b). Taxol from Pestalotiopsis microspora, an endophytic fungus of Taxus wallachiana. Microbiol. 142, 435-440.
- Suryanarayanan TS, Murali TS and Venkatesan G (2002) Occurrence and distribution of fungal endophytes in tropical forests across a rainfall gradient. Can. J. Bot. 80, 818-826.
- Suryanarayanan TS, Kumaresan V and Johnson JA (1998) Foliar fungal endophytes from two species of the mangrove Rhizophora. Can. J. Microbiol. 44,1003-1006.
- Wani MC, Taylor HL, Wall ME, Coggon P and McPhail AT (1971) Plant antitumor agents. VI. The isolation and structure of taxol, a novel antileukemic and antitumor agent from Taxus brevifolia. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 93, 2325-2327.
- Light and Transmission Electron Microscopic Studies on Conidiomata Developmental Morphology in Pestaloiopsis rhododendri
Abstract Views :351 |
PDF Views:77
Authors
Affiliations
1 Centre for Advanced Studies in Botany, Univesity of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai: 600 025, Tamil Nadu, IN
1 Centre for Advanced Studies in Botany, Univesity of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai: 600 025, Tamil Nadu, IN
Source
Indian Journal of Science and Technology, Vol 1, No 2 (2007), Pagination: 1-6Abstract
Investigations on the development of conidiomata in Pestalotiopsis rhododendri (Saccardo) Guba were done by using light and Transmission electron microscopes. Light microscopic studies showed the presence of non-ostiolate, pycnidial conidiomata in culture. Acervular conidiomata are produced normally by species of Pestalotiopsis on leaves. The other interesting observation during the study was the ultrastructure of the conidial wall in the coloured cells as well as the basal and apical hyaline cells with the appendages. Pestalotiopsis rhododendri resembles P. uvicola in the development of conidiomata. The first time report of the various stages of development of conidiomata in Pestalotiopsis rhododendri will be useful in fungal systematic studies.Keywords
Acervular Conidiomata, Coelomycetes, Conidium Ontogeny, Fungi, Pycnidial Conidiomata, UltrastructureFull Text
References
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- Murugan M and Muthumary J (2001) Developmental morphology and ultrastructure of Pestalotiopsis maculans. Mycotaxon. 79, 55 - 465.
- Murugan M and Muthumary J (2003) Studies on developmental morphology of the
- Nag Raj TR (1981) Coelomycete Systematics. In Biology of conidial Fungi I (ed. G.T. Cole and B. Kendrick). Academic Press. New York. Nag Raj TR (1993) Coelomycetous anamorphs with appendage - bearing conidia. Mycologue publications 331 Daleview PI. Wateloo, Ontario, Canada N2L 5M5. pp. 43-79.
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- Algae as Biological Detoxificant of Aflatoxin Produced by Aspergillus flavus Isolated from Sunflower Seed
Abstract Views :444 |
PDF Views:73
Authors
Affiliations
1 Vel’s college of science, IN
2 Pepsico India Ltd., Chennai, IN
3 Centre for Advanced Studies in Botany, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai – 600 025, IN
1 Vel’s college of science, IN
2 Pepsico India Ltd., Chennai, IN
3 Centre for Advanced Studies in Botany, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai – 600 025, IN
Source
Indian Journal of Science and Technology, Vol 1, No 3 (2008), Pagination: 1-5Abstract
Aspergillus flavus is the widely reported food-borne fungus and the most important mycotoxin source in the world's food supplies. A new approach using algae- Spirulina platensis (blue-green alga), Ulva faciata (green alga) and Sargassum wightii (brown alga) was experimented to control the growth of A. flavus and its aflatoxin B1 production. Among the three algae, S. wightii was found as most suitable biocontrolling agent. The optimum biomass concentration of the alga to detoxify the aflatoxin B1 and inhibition of the fungal mycelial growth was worked out in a controlled condition. An algal biomass of 1.8% (in final concentration) of S. wightii effectively eliminated (100%) aflatoxin B1 and total inhibition of the fungal growth of A. flavus was also achieved concomitantly. The experimental results were encouraging for possible application of algal biomass as biocontrolling agent to recuperate aflatoxin contaminated food and feed commodities.Full Text
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- Effect of NaCl on Biochemical Changes and Endophytic Fungal Assemblages in the Leaves of a Mangrove, Ceropsis roxiphorguna Arn
Abstract Views :488 |
PDF Views:86
Authors
Affiliations
1 Centre for Advanced Studies in Botany, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai – 600 025, IN
2 Department of Botany, Annamalai University, Chidambaram – 608 002, IN
1 Centre for Advanced Studies in Botany, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai – 600 025, IN
2 Department of Botany, Annamalai University, Chidambaram – 608 002, IN
Source
Indian Journal of Science and Technology, Vol 1, No 4 (2008), Pagination: 1-7Abstract
One of the universal protective responses of plants to any type of stress is the accumulation of low-molecular organic substances such as amino acids, sugars and proteins. In this study, the effect of salinity on leaf pigments, proteins, free amino acids, proline, polyphenols, sugars and starch content was investigated. Status on endophytic fungal assemblages in the salt treated leaves of a mangrove, C. roxburghiana was studied under hydroponics pot culture. The photosynthetic pigments, sugars and protein concentrations of leaves were reduced by salinity and that the effect was aggravated by the long duration of salinity. Total contents of both chlorophyll and carotenoids decreased significantly by the treatment of NaCl. Total amino acid pool decreased by salinity, but the proline content increased only marginally. In the control, proline level did not change during the entire period of the study. The significant increase of accumulation of proline in leaves is implicated in osmotic adjustment to salinity. The endophytic fungal assemblage was also investigated. Among the 7 species, isolated Phyllosticta sp. was found frequently more when compared to other fungi. The results show that the endophytic fungi like Pestalotiopsis sp. and Phyllosicta sp. can be sustained and regenerated at low salinity condition in halophytes.Keywords
Ceriops roxburghiana, Salinity, Biochemical Changes, Endophytic FungiFull Text
References
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- Growth Studies of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides (Penz.) Sacc. - a Taxol Producing Endophytic Fungus from Plumeria acutifolia
Abstract Views :608 |
PDF Views:129
Authors
K. Nithya
1,
J. Muthumary
1
Affiliations
1 Centre for Advanced Studies in Botany, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai – 600 025, IN
1 Centre for Advanced Studies in Botany, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai – 600 025, IN
Source
Indian Journal of Science and Technology, Vol 2, No 11 (2009), Pagination: 14-19Abstract
Plumeria acutifolia Poiret (Apocynaceae) is grown as an ornamental plant in India, Indonesia, Philippines and South Africa. Various species of this plant are used as medicine to cure many diseases and also as antipsychotic, diuretic, or antitumour agent. Some iridoids and triterpenoids obtained from this plant are reported to have algicidal, antibacterial and cytotoxic activity. Some species of Plumeria are also used for the cure of rheumatism, diarrhoea, blennorhea, venereal disease and leprosy. This study investigates the taxol production by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, an endophytic fungus of Plumeria acutifolia. The presence of Taxol was confirmed through TLC, UV and IR spectroscopic methods. The amount of taxol was quantified through HPLC analysis. This is the first report that a coelomyceteous fungus producing taxol from this plant.Keywords
Taxol, Plumeria acutifolia/I>, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, Endophytic Fungi, CoelomycetesFull Text
References
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- Gangadevi V and Muthumary J (2007a) Preliminary studies on cytotoxic effect of fungal taxol on cancer cell line. Af. J. Biotech. 6 (12), 1382-1386.
- Gangadevi V and Muthumary J (2008a) A simple and rapid method for the determination of taxol produced by fungal endophytes from medicinal plants using high performance thin layer chromatography. Chin.J. Chrom. 26 (1), 50-55.
- Gangadevi V and Muthumary J (2008b) Taxol, an anticancer drug produced by an endophytic fungus Bartalinia robillardoides, Tassi, isolated from a medicinal plant, Aegle marmelos correa ex Roxb. W. J. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 24, 717-724.
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- The Antibacterial Activity of Acalypha indica L.
Abstract Views :633 |
PDF Views:82
Authors
Affiliations
1 Department of Plant Biology & Plant Biotechnology, S.D.N.B. Vaishnav College for Women, Chrompet, Chennai–600 044, IN
2 Centre for Advanced Studies in Botany, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai–600 025, IN
1 Department of Plant Biology & Plant Biotechnology, S.D.N.B. Vaishnav College for Women, Chrompet, Chennai–600 044, IN
2 Centre for Advanced Studies in Botany, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai–600 025, IN
Source
Indian Journal of Science and Technology, Vol 1, No 6 (2008), Pagination: 1-5Abstract
The antibacterial activity of Acalypha indica was investigated against three strains of human pathogenic bacteria viz., Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella pneumoniae using ethylacetate, hexane and methanol extracts of leaves, stem and ischolar_mains of Acalypha indica. The ethylacetate extracts of leaves and ischolar_mains inhibited the growth of all the three selected bacterial species. The in vitro assay may open way for complementary future investigations in identifying potentially useful properties of chemical and pharmacological importance.Keywords
Acalypha indica, Antimicrobial Activity, Human Pathogenic Bacteria, Medicinal PlantFull Text
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Abstract Views :180 |
PDF Views:93
Authors
Affiliations
1 Department of Botany, Goa University, Goa 403 206, IN
2 Centre for Advanced Studies in Botany, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai 600 005, IN
3 Medical Mycology Laboratory, National Centre for Disease Control, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, New Delhi 110 054, IN
4 Myko Tech Pvt Ltd, Mapusa Industrial Estate, Mapusa-Goa 403 507, IN
1 Department of Botany, Goa University, Goa 403 206, IN
2 Centre for Advanced Studies in Botany, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai 600 005, IN
3 Medical Mycology Laboratory, National Centre for Disease Control, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, New Delhi 110 054, IN
4 Myko Tech Pvt Ltd, Mapusa Industrial Estate, Mapusa-Goa 403 507, IN
Source
Current Science, Vol 106, No 10 (2014), Pagination: 1438-1444Abstract
No Abstract.Full Text